Whether you use a click track or not, I think it's essential to do a "scratch" or rough version to play/arrange over. So you do one run through through from beginning to end and play over it the next times as a guide (but in the end just discard it).
If you're doing something with just guitar and vocals, then I'd do a scratch version of both on one track, maybe just simple strumming and half-hearted vocal complete with errors. If you're not happy with the flow, timing etc this is the time to review and make any cuts/adjustments to that track. Then do a serious guitar track while listening to the scratch track for timing - if complicated I would do all verses on a "guitar verses" track (so you can rest and regather in the choruses) and then do a separate "guitar choruses" track. Then mute the scratch and listen to the good guitar tracks to record vocals over (again on two tracks if voice may tire).
I try to do three good takes of each track in order to have material for putting together (comping) the best ones. If you have bass and drums etc. then the order (and whether you need to play more than one verse/chorus, or copy-paste) may be different but you should still work over a scratch track to start (I usually go: scratch, drums, bass, rhythm instruments, melody instruments, lead vocals, backing vocals, instrumental solo if there is one).
Then you need to edit the tracks. You can do this by cross fading, cutting, stretching, all the tools in the DAW. Some of them will line up. Some may need a bit of surgery. This takes a bit of getting used to.
That's the way that works for me. I take a long time to record. But I think I'm slowly moving forward.